Chapter 2 - 3 (слова "песни" присутствуют) | Текст песни

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Just before the meeting ended, someone handed a. note to Larry Roberts. 'You've got the network inside out,' it said. The note was written by Wes Clark. He was one of the least enthusiastic members of Larry Roberts's audience. He was bored by the meeting and he had already told Roberts that he did not want to be part of the network. He was working on computers for individual users and he did not want to share them. Maybe this was why he saw a way to build a network that did not force the host computers to do more work. After the conference was over, Larry Roberts found Wes Clark and asked him, 'What did you mean when you said "You've got the network inside out"?' 'I've got a plane to catch,' said Clark. 'Can we talk in the taxi?' So Wes Clark and Larry Roberts continued their discussion on the way to the airport. Clark described his idea: 'Forget about sending a message from one computer to another directly. It'll never work. The host computers have got enough to do, already. Right?' 'Well, yes,' Roberts agreed. 'But we need them to do this networking for us. It will help everyone in the end.' 'Yes, yes, I know all that,' said Clark. 'But you don't need to make them do the extra work of translating between all the different computer languages as well.' 'But how can we avoid it?' Roberts asked. 'Why don't you design a system that uses other computers as translators? Then messages will always go through one of these translators before they go on to their destination.' 'How would that work?' 'You can leave the hosts as they are if you put a smaller computer between each of them and the phone lines. The small
computers will all speak the same language. But each small computer only needs to learn just one new language, to speak to its host computer. And the little computers will run the network. They'll do all the work of checking the messages and sending them on, not the hosts. Leave the hosts as they are, build an inner network of small computers, and everything will be fine. It's obvious.' 'That's brilliant,' said Larry Roberts. He climbed out of the taxi with the seed of a new plan for the network growing in his mind. Wes Clark's idea solved several problems. Obviously it meant less work for the host computers — and for the people who controlled them. It also meant that each host computer would only have to learn one new language, to speak to the smaller computers. And it gave ARPA better control of the whole network. When Larry Roberts got back to Washington, he wrote a new plan for the ARPAnet, including Wes Clark's ideas. He called the new, smaller computers 'IMPs'. These IMPs would be the interface between the different host computers. In other words, they would allow two systems to meet and talk to each other. The design of the ARPAnet was becoming clearer. But Larry Roberts still didn't know exactly how the IMPs should speak to each other.
Roberts explained his latest ideas at another conference. This meeting was held at Gatlinburg, Tennessee, at the end of 1967. Roberts talked about the ARPAnet, the host computers, and the inner network of IMPs that would help the hosts to communicate. But he did not say much about how this communication would work. That was still not clear.
At the same meeting there was another talk by Roger Scantlebury, from the National Physical Laboratory in England. He spoke about how to build a 'packet-switched' network. To Larry Roberts, packet switching sounded perfect for the ARPAnet. Packet switching is a very efficient way to send data electronically. Each message is broken down into pieces or 'packets'. The packets are then sent out into the communications network. There is no need for the packets to travel together or in any particular order. Each packet is free to find the best route to its destination. When all the packets have arrived, they are put back together again to form the

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