I.I.Panova - English 11 - Great_People_Change_the_World | Текст песни

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Great People Change the World
Everybody agrees that the tremendous advances that have been made in science and technology over the last century have transformed the life style of millions of people all over the world. Flying non-stop from Europe to Australia, watching the Olympic Games telecast from Beijing at home or talking to a friend on your mobile phone while picking mushrooms in the forest or sitting on a bus are taken as part and parcel of everyday life.
Developments in science and technology are changing the world very rapidly. Who, for example, twenty years ago, would have imagined that the development of microchip technology could have had such a deep effect on the way we live every day? The computer has become an essential part of our life and these days lots of pupils use the Internet for help with their homework.
However, no technological advances could have been possible without the genius and talent of the outstanding people in many countries, whose discoveries and inventions contributed to the world's progress. The list of their names is really impressive, when we think of earlier inventions as well, for example, the invention of the wheel, or the early steam-engine, or the discovery of radium, or penicillin and many many others.
Isaac Newton is one of such names. He was a great English scientist (1643-1727). He studied mathematics, chemistry, optics, dynamics. His first discovery was the law of gravitation. Today every pupil learns this law at school. I. Newton's brilliant idea was that there is gravitation between all bodies. When he saw an apple fall from a tree, he wondered why it always fell to the earth.
Another of Newton's laws says that for every force there is an equal force in the opposite direction. I. Newton's next discovery was in optics. He wanted to learn what light is. He proved that the white light from the sun is a mixture of light of different colours. Violet and blue colours of the spectrum
are the shorter waves and orange and red colours are the longest waves that the eye can see. Any pupil who finished school today knows that from the textbook on physics, but not everyone knows that I. Newton discovered it in 1666.
It's small wonder that in 2008 the second after W. Churchill in the national poll for the "name of Great Britain" in the UK was placed the outstanding British engineer Isambard Brunel (1806-1859). He is best known in the world for the creation of the Great Western Railway, a series of famous steamships, numerous important bridges and tunnels under rivers and stretching the first telegraph cable along the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Most modern tunnels are cut in the way I. Brunel had designed them including the Channel Tunnel between England and France. He is wellknown in the world not only for railway bridge engineering, but for constructing the first modern ship made of metal rather than wood which was powered by an engine rather than wind.
Important discoveries in medicine made by outstanding doctors and scientists resulted in rooting out many diseases which for centuries had been killing millions of people. One of such great scientists was Alexander Fleming whose long-term interests in ways of killing bacterium that caused a vast range of diseases made him draw the right conclusion from a strange episode in a hospital laboratory. It was a particular kind of mold that led him to the discovery of penicillin in 1928. Today, more than a half century later, penicillin-based antibiotics are still the safest and the most widely used medicines for treating many diseases.
Great achievements in space research became possible thanks to many outstanding Russian scientists and inventors. K. Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) is by right considered to be the father of space exploration. His brilliant theories made it possible to develop space technologies. When the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, in 1957 and Yuri Gagarin made his first flight round the Earth in 1961, science fiction became a reality.

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