Insight Plus - Part 11 – Pros and cons of globalisation | Текст песни

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• Part 11 – Pros and cons of globalisation

Группа Learning Engllish. Транскрипт:
http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/webcast/scripts/insight/tae_insight_11_04bs_081002.pdf

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Anti-globalisation protest (actuality)
Gary: “Anti-globalisation” protestors take to the streets to make their feelings known.
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News story
Gary: “Globalisation” is a buzzword in our news bulletins, though according to some
commentators, it’s by no means a new phenomenon. Mark Gregory is the BBC
World Service Business Correspondent. I’ve been speaking to him about
globalisation, and I asked him first for his definition of the term.
Clip Mark Gregory, BBC World Service Business Correspondent
Well, “globalisation” has become a kind of catch-all phrase that’s used to describe a process of
seemingly ever-greater economic integration – a process in which economic events in one
place pretty soon have huge implications almost everywhere else. So there’s lots of different
aspects to it. From the consumers’ point of view, increasingly people think in terms of global
brands: NIKE sells its “Sneakers” throughout the world, Coca-cola is bought in many different
countries of the world. That’s one aspect of it. Then, of course, there’s the sort of… the
economists are focused on things like the enormously increased volumes of international trade.
And many commentators associate that with this nebulous process of globalisation. And then,
of course, there’s just the increasing pace of technological change – the fact that using modern
communications via the internet you have instant communications everywhere; and, of course,
using jet travel, you can travel from one place to another all over the world. So, increasingly,
what happens in one place seems to affect almost everywhere else … and that’s what’s clubbed
together as “globalisation”.
Gary: Technological developments have made communication and travel much easier,
so that the world seems to be a smaller place. This has resulted, for example, in
greater international trade and foreign investment, both of which are signs, or
manifestations of what the experts call “globalisation”.
There are also cultural aspects of the globalisation process – such as the
increasing use of English and the appearance of similar (often American)
products in different parts of the world.
Mark Gregory again.
Clip Mark Gregory, BBC World Service Business Correspondent
The manifestations include global companies, the names that everybody’s heard of: Sony,
Microsoft, IBM. And also the fact that you’ve got common brands that are on sale in many
different parts of the world. You’ve got global financial institutions: the IMF, the World Bank
and so forth. You have global financial markets.
Gary: So if we look at all those things which you’re lumping together and calling
“globalisation”, can we start to unpick, perhaps, the reasons, the causes, for those things
happening?
Mark: Well, it’s partly technology… the fact that transport is so much quicker than it used to
be, the fact that we have the internet, that kind of thing. There’s also the growth of global
financial institutions – the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the growth of global
financial markets, the growth of global companies – huge, enormous companies. So,
increasingly, it makes sense to talk in terms of… well, it’s ridiculous to say that everything is
“globalised”, but that the boundaries, the economic barriers between countries have broken
down. And so … many companies and much of the economy works on a … has a global
perspective.
Gary: So, we’re saying that technology is one of the reasons behind globalisation. What about
trade agreements, what role have they played?
Mark: Well, a lot of people have placed enormous emphasis on the move towards the
liberalisation of trade.
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