Learn English via Listening - Level 3 - Title IX | Текст песни

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In 1972, the United States Congress passed Title IX of the Educational Amendments. This
instituted a law that would seriously affect all U.S. educational institutions' sports
programs. The law specified that it was unlawful to discriminate on the basis of sex in
any federally funded education program. This meant, among other things, that boys and
girls, and men's and women's sports programs would have to receive equal funding and
support under the new law.
The law was passed in a time when feminist-inspired movements in many countries
around the world were fighting for equality for women. While Title IX was a law directed
at equality in education in general, it is sports programs that received the most attention.
This was perhaps because of the visibility of sports and the prominent place they play,
especially in American post-secondary education. Initially, Title IX met with mixed
reviews. Especially vocal in opposition to the law were those who had a lot invested in
men's sports programs in the bigger educational institutions. Also, those that had
administered male sports programs for years felt that the changes necessary to conform
to Title IX's standards would be difficult and expensive.
In the aftermath of Title IX, a battle emerged between the National Collegiate Athletic
Association (NCAA) and a group that had administered women's sports, the Association
of Intercollegiate Athletics for Girls and Women (AIAW). The NCAA had avoided
equalization for years, being devoted almost exclusively to men's sport. In fact, it was in
opposition to the NCAA that the AIAW formed in the first place. However, with federal
funding now legally devoted to equalization, the NCAA made an about-turn and suddenly
supported equalization. In what many consider to be an obvious and unfortunate power
move, the NCAA absorbed the AIAW. The long-term effects of this move were to wrestle
control of women's sport out of the hands of women. The AIAW was administered by
women for women; however, with the take-over the administration of women's sport fell
into the hands of men.
Title IX did not manage to equalize funding between the sexes, at least not at first. The
legislators of Title IX probably couldn't imagine the resistance to equalization in sport
that would emerge. Nor did they probably realize the extent of male privilege in school
sport, especially at the upper, more elite levels. Almost thirty years after the legislation,
there is still not equalization in many cases, although an increasing number of schools
have fallen in line with the law.
Today, women's sport has achieved a much higher level of respectability and support in
schools. However, there is still resistance to complete equalization, and female-
supportive administrators continue to fight legal battles in support of girls' and women's
participation in sport.


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