Гуру ПесенTengir-Too ensemble - Episode from the Manas: Kökötöidün ashy (Kökötöi's memorial feast) (KY) | Текст песни
Language(s) Kyrgyz
Instrument(s) Jew's Harp; Komuz
Text: Traditional
Performers: Rysbek Jumabaev, recitation; Tengir-Too, musical accompaniment
Manas is the central hero of the sprawling Kyrgyz epic that bears his name. In myriad versions of as many as 500,000 lines, the poem narrates Manas’s life story, recounting his legendary birth to aged parents and his early military feats, when he liberated the Kyrgyz from the yoke of their principal foe, the Kalmyks (Mongols). The poem continues with his marriage to the warlike Kanykei, describes how he united the Kyrgyz clans, and ends with his death after a great raid against the Chinese.
The origins of the Manas epic have been the subject of much speculation. In 1995, Kyrgyzstan celebrated “1000 Years of Manas,” although whether any parts of the epic are that old cannot be confirmed. What is certain, however, is that the Manas is rooted in a centuries-old oral tradition of folktales, legends, and myths, and that its episodes and subplots have been compiled and retold over an extended period of time by generations of performers, called manaschi.
The Manas is traditionally performed without musical accompaniment. Manaschis alternate between a rapid declamatory style for narrating factual information and a strongly rhythmic recitative for depicting dialogue and direct quotation. Dramatic gestures and facial expressions are integral to the performance: manaschis use all means at their disposal to hold the attention of an audience.
The present performance, in which musical accompaniment embellishes storytelling, represents an innovation on tradition. It began when Nurlanbek Nyshanov saw manaschi Rysbek Jumabaev on a Kyrgyz television station and invited him to collaborate in an experimental performance, in which Ensemble Tengir-Too created atmospheric music
around Jumabaev’s recitation. The present piece, composed and arranged by Nyshanov, emerged from this collaboration.
Memorial celebrations for dead heroes, featuring horse races, games, and feasting, were important not only in Inner Asian nomadic culture but in Western antiquity - for example, the funeral feast for Patroklos, described in book 23 of the Iliad. At the memorial for Kökötöi, invited guests included not only the dead hero’s friends but his foes - here the Kalmyks and the Chinese. “Kökötöi’s Memorial Feast” originally belonged to a separate epic that over time became part of the Manas. The plot changed accordingly, with the towering figure of Manas overshadowing the original hero, Bokmurun (literally, “Snot-Nose”).
Since Kökötöi-khan, the father of the nation, died recently,
And his poor soul saw the place from which nobody returns,
His son Bokmurun
Has been carelessly eager to throw a memorial feast.
On Karkyra steppe
He settled by the banks of the Ürkünchü,
And by the banks of the Üch-Kapkak.
He did not invite Khan Manas from Talas;
He did not listen to Koshoi-khan’s advice.
Bokmurun gave young Aidar
Maniker, his father’s horse,
And sent him to the four corners of the world,
Carrying an invitation to Kökötöi’s memorial feast.
Before long,
The campsite was beautifully decorated.
Guests came from Orchong, Kokand, Margelan.
From Kokand came Kozubek;
From Margelan, Malabek;
From the Six Cities came Alybek,
And twelve khans came along.
At the same time,
The Khan of Kakanchy
Elected a delegate, who was carrying his flag
And wearing a cotton waist sash and wide boots.
He was Kongurbai, Khan of Kechil,
Of proud looks indeed.
Neskara, Khan of Manju, came.
From the Kalmyks, Joloi-khan.
From the Solon tribe came Oiokyr.
And at the same time,
The steppe of Karkyra
Was filled with multitudes of Chinese and Kalmyks,
Who almost overwhelmed the Kyrgyz at the feast.
So Koshoi-khan said in despair:
“Truly, the Kyrgyz people will never live in peace
without Manas!“ bolb
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