The Voc of the mod Eng is heterogeneous. It includes Ws embarrassing many br-ches of human activity, Ws from diff-t sources. The total Voc contains > than 500.000 Ws & set-expressions. The individ Voc of an educ Eng speaker comprises=30.000Ws, not all of them are equally important. Average member of SP comm.-ty uses=4500Ws. The choise of Ws depends on educ-n,occup-n,experience. The exact number of Voc units can’t be stated, coz: constant change & growth of the Voc. (OldEng=30000Ws, modEnd=400.000Ws). Lang is in the const. state of evolution. The Voc feels the changes first of all. Extaling causes: social nature of a Lang. Pol, econ changes reflect in the Voc. The main changes happening: 1. New Ws are formed. 2. New Ws are borr-d fr other lang-s. 3. Some Ws drop out of the Lang (bcome archaic(thou),historical(cataphrait)). 4. Some Ws drop ot of Lang coz they are replaced by synonyms (Eng Fall=>Fr Autumn). 5. Some Ws may bcome polysemantic (Earth: land + planet). Borrowing or the adoption of Ws from foreign languages - one of the most important ways of enlarging of Eng Voc. One of the peculiarities & characteristic features of the Eng Voc is the great number borrowings. Borrowings constitute about 70% of all the W of the Eng Voc. The great number of Bs brought new phonetic, morph-l & semantic features, they also influenced to some extent the semantic structure, collocability (to combine), frequency & derivational ability of native English Ws through the Hist. Bs brought about some changes in Eng synonymic groups, mainly enlarging the number of stylistic synonyms (to meet (Eng)-to encounter (Fr)). Acc to their semantic structure all the Ws in Eng fall into 2 types: monosemantic & polysemantic (thus denoting a whole set of related concepts, grouped according to the national peculiarities of a given lang). Most Ws in the EV are polysemantic. Their Mg in SP depends on the context it is used in. Verbs & Ns are characterized by a greater number of polysem-c Ws than adjectives or adverbs. A p-s-W enters as many synonymic & anton-c groups as Mgs it has (work-1)работа,2)труд). The W is a homonym when it contains 2 or > unrelated Mnings. ModEng contains a lot of Hnyms. It is ezplained by anal ch-ter & monosyll. str-re of the most commonly used Ws (#four-for(prep,conj)-fore). Appearance of Hnyms is the result of disintegration (split of p-semy). 1 of the main problems of Eng L - demarcation line <> homonymy&p-semy (#box - театр. ложа; some ling-sts treat it as a Hnym, some as a p-semantic W). Synonyms are 2 or > Ws of the same language, belonging to the same part of SP & possessing 1 or more identical or nearly identical denotational Mgs, interchangeable, but differing in morphemic composition, phonemic shape, shades of Mg, style, valency & idiomatic use.
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