KONSTANTIN: Alan, I know you're a communications consultant. As you know, I often have meetings where everyone is speaking in English. What advice can you give to help people like me, you know, not native speakers, to understand better in meetings? ALAN: Well, it's true that people listening can try to listen in particular ways. KONSTANTIN: OK. ALAN: The first thing is to try to listen to chunks of language, not individual words. This is very important. KONSTANTIN: Right, I think I understand that. ALAN: And related to that, I think, is don't try to translate things in your head - it just doesn't work. You are not a simultaneous translator. In fact, translation doesn't help at all - it takes much too long. KONSTANTIN: Right, that's clear. What about using electronic translators? ALAN: Some people think electronic dictionaries help them - I don't think they do - the whole business just takes too long and you lose your concentration, so no translation. KONSTANTIN: OK. ALAN: The next point I think is an obvious one, but keep good eye contact, look at people as they speak and show you follow and understand by your expressions. Look interested, and say things like: 'I see, yes', 'I understand', 'Right', 'OK', Sure'. All this is sometimes called 'active listening'. KONSTANTIN: I see. ALAN: Another thing is it's good - it's useful to paraphrase what people say to check your understanding. Also, if you're not sure, ask them to repeat what they've said. KONSTANTIN: Of course. I do that. ALAN: And then there's writing. You can't ask other people to write everything down, but you can take notes yourself - in English, of course. And you can ask for the minutes of the meeting. Most formal meetings have someone taking the minutes, and these are distributed later. KONSTANTIN: Thanks, Alan, that's all very useful.